Joel 2:1
| קרוב | כי | יהוה | יום | בא | כי | ה ארץ | ישבי | כל | ירגזו | קדש י | ב הר | ו הריעו | ב ציון | שופר | תקעו |
| near/close | for | He Is | day | he has come | for | the Earth | those who are seated down | all | they are trembling | holy ones | in the mountain | and raise up a shout | in Inner Monument (Zion) | horn/trumpet | blow/blast |
9016 | None Definition: verseEnd Root: None Exhaustive: None 7138 קרוב qârôwb Definition: near (in place, kindred or time) Root: or קרב; from H7126 (קרב); Exhaustive: or קרב; from קרב; near (in place, kindred or time); allied, approach, at hand, [phrase] any of kin, kinsfold(-sman), (that is) near (of kin), neighbour, (that is) next, (them that come) nigh (at hand), more ready, short(-ly). | 3588a כי kîy Definition: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed Root: a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; Exhaustive: a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. | 3068 יהוה Yᵉhôvâh Definition: Jehovah, Jewish national name of God Root: from H1961 (היה); (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Exhaustive: from היה; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God; Jehovah, the Lord. Compare יה, יהוה. | 9014 | ־ None Definition: link Root: None Exhaustive: None 3117 יום yôwm Definition: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb) Root: from an unused root meaning to be hot; Exhaustive: from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb); age, [phrase] always, [phrase] chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to) day, (now a, two) days (agone), [phrase] elder, [idiom] end, [phrase] evening, [phrase] (for) ever(-lasting, -more), [idiom] full, life, as (so) long as (... live), (even) now, [phrase] old, [phrase] outlived, [phrase] perpetually, presently, [phrase] remaineth, [idiom] required, season, [idiom] since, space, then, (process of) time, [phrase] as at other times, [phrase] in trouble, weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), [idiom] whole ([phrase] age), (full) year(-ly), [phrase] younger. | 935 בוא bôwʼ Definition: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications) Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: None | 9014 | ־ None Definition: link Root: None Exhaustive: None 3588a כי kîy Definition: (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed Root: a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; Exhaustive: a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed; and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. | 776 | ארץ ʼerets Definition: the earth (at large, or partitively a land) Root: from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; Exhaustive: from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth (at large, or partitively a land); [idiom] common, country, earth, field, ground, land, [idiom] natins, way, [phrase] wilderness, world. 9009 ה None Definition: the Root: None Exhaustive: definite article, the, used for all numbers and genders; originally a pronoun demonstrative, this. interrogative particle in direct and indirect questions; in disjunctive questions: whether--or. | 3427 ישב yâshab Definition: properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry; (make to) abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease self, endure, establish, [idiom] fail, habitation, haunt, (make to) inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, [idiom] marry(-ing), (bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(-tle), (down-) sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate), take, tarry. | 3605 כל kôl Definition: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense) Root: or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from H3634 (כלל); Exhaustive: or (Jeremiah 33:8) כול; from כלל; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense); (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). | 7264 רגז râgaz Definition: to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear) Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: a primitive root; to quiver (with any violent emotion, especially anger or fear); be afraid, stand in awe, disquiet, fall out, fret, move, provoke, quake, rage, shake, tremble, trouble, be wroth. | 9020 | י None Definition: my, personal posessive - noun suffix: 1st person common singular Root: None Exhaustive: Personal posessive pronoun - suffix for nouns, adjectives and passive participles: 1st person singular 6944 קדש qôdesh Definition: a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity Root: from H6942 (קדש); Exhaustive: from קדש; a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity; consecrated (thing), dedicated (thing), hallowed (thing), holiness, ([idiom] most) holy ([idiom] day, portion, thing), saint, sanctuary. | 2022 | הר har Definition: a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively) Root: a shortened form of H2042 (הרר); Exhaustive: a shortened form of הרר; a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively); hill (country), mount(-ain), [idiom] promotion. 9003 ב None Definition: in, by Root: None Exhaustive: in, at, against, on, among, with; according to, by, because of. prefix or inseparable preposition; combined with the definite article | 7321 | רוע rûwaʻ Definition: to mar (especially by breaking); figuratively, to split the ears (with sound), i.e. shout (for alarm or joy) Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: a primitive root; to mar (especially by breaking); figuratively, to split the ears (with sound), i.e. shout (for alarm or joy); blow an alarm, cry (alarm, aloud, out), destroy, make a joyful noise, smart, shout (for joy), sound an alarm, triumph. 9002 ו None Definition: and Root: None Exhaustive: Conjunctive vav - i.e. followed by prefix, suffix or non-verb (conjunctive) (‘and/but’) | 6726 | ציון Tsîyôwn Definition: Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem Root: the same (regularly) as H6725 (ציון)lemma ציון missing dagesh, corrected to ציון; Exhaustive: the same (regularly) as ציוןlemma ציון missing dagesh, corrected to ציון; Tsijon (as a permanent capital), a mountain of Jerusalem; Zion. 9003 ב None Definition: in, by Root: None Exhaustive: in, at, against, on, among, with; according to, by, because of. prefix or inseparable preposition; combined with the definite article | 7782 שופר shôwphâr Definition: a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn Root: or שפר; from H8231 (שפר) in the original sense of incising; Exhaustive: or שפר; from שפר in the original sense of incising; a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved horn; cornet, trumpet. | 8628 תקע tâqaʻ Definition: to clatter, i.e. slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become bondsman by handclasping) Root: a primitive root; Exhaustive: a primitive root; to clatter, i.e. slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become bondsman by handclasping); blow (a trumpet), cast, clap, fasten, pitch (tent), smite, sound, strike, [idiom] suretiship, thrust. |
בא - Has Come
Blast the trumpet in Inner Monument ("Zion"), and raise up a shout in the mountain of holy ones, they are trembling, all those who are inhabiting the Earth, for he has come, a day of He Is, for it is close by!1Clang ye the trumpet in Zion, shout in my holy mountain: all the inhabitants of the land shall be moved, for the day of Jehovah is coming, for it is near.
Blow a ram's horn in Zion, and shout an alarm in My holy mountain. Let all the inhabitants of the land tremble. For the day of Jehovah approaches; it is near,
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Sound the trumpet in Zion, make a proclamation in my holy mountain, and let all the inhabitants of the land be confounded: for the day of the Lord is near;
Footnotes
| Joe. 2:1 | On בא: The form בא (bāʾ) may represent either the Qal perfect/complete 3ms “he/it came” (completed action) or the Qal active participle ms “he who comes” (ongoing or imminent action). Orthographically the two forms are identical; distinction depends entirely on syntactic and contextual cues. Translations have always rendered this as though it were in the imperfect "is coming" which is not accurate. Because no one could ever believe that "it has come" translators opted to force a future tense out of the participle. Misleading The Qal active participle in Biblical Hebrew is fundamentally a verbal adjective: its base sense is “the one who comes” / “he who comes,” rather than an inherently tense-bound form like “is coming" which in English is actually an incomplete future tense. The participle’s temporal value is supplied by context, so while translators often render it as “is coming” in Joel 2:1 for the sake of their bias, that choice imposes a present-progressive nuance that the Hebrew does not encode in itself. Joel 2:1 opens with the command: Following this, the verb בא is often translated or understood as an incomplete or participle form—“is coming” or “will come”—to frame the prophecy in a future temporal context. The nuance is typically read as a progressive or imminent action, something yet to unfold. But why would there be an imperative blow now, for a future event that hasn't happened? Blow the trumpet, because the day is coming? This is just more confusion. "Blow the trumpet, for the day has come!" This is coherent. Prophetic discourse operates outside of linear chronology (chronos time). The perfect form here signifies an event simultaneously present, fulfilled, and unfolding in the eternal “now” of prophecy. The “coming” of the day of the Lord is not a distant future event to be awaited but a realized eschatological moment, perpetually accessible and active within the prophetic “fold of time.” It has come. Thus:
Translators and interpreters who impose a strict chronological frame obscure the timeless, recursive nature of prophetic utterance. The qal perfect בא here is not mere historical past but a proclamation of an eschatological reality fully “arrived” within the prophetic voice, living, and real time. |